{"id":8646,"date":"2022-03-29T12:52:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T16:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/7-landmark-cases-that-changed-black-history\/"},"modified":"2022-03-29T12:52:44","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T16:52:44","slug":"7%e4%b8%aa%e6%a0%87%e5%bf%97%e6%80%a7%e6%a1%88%e4%be%8b%e6%94%b9%e5%8f%98%e4%ba%86%e9%bb%91%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/article\/7%e4%b8%aa%e6%a0%87%e5%bf%97%e6%80%a7%e6%a1%88%e4%be%8b%e6%94%b9%e5%8f%98%e4%ba%86%e9%bb%91%e5%8e%86%e5%8f%b2\/","title":{"rendered":"7\u4e2a\u6539\u53d8\u9ed1\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u5f0f\u6848\u4f8b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4e89\u53d6\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u968f\u7740\u9ed1\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u6708\u5373\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6848\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u91cc\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u5c11\u6570\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n

\u96ea\u83b1\u4e0e\u514b\u96f7\u9ed8 (1948)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u5728 1948\u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6848\u5b50<\/a>, \u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u79cd\u65cf\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\u2014\u2014\u8d22\u4ea7\u5951\u7ea6\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5411\u201c\u975e\u767d\u4eba\u201d\u51fa\u552e\u623f\u5c4b\u7684\u627f\u8bfa\u2014\u2014\u5728\u6cd5\u5ead\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u6267\u884c\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8be5\u88c1\u51b3\u5e76\u672a\u7ed3\u675f\u79cd\u65cf\u4e3b\u4e49\u6216\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u4f46\u786e\u5b9e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e86\u793e\u4f1a\u53d8\u9769\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\u201c\u9694\u79bb\u4f46\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u4e0b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u59cb\u4e8e\u96ea\u83b1\u4e00\u5bb6\u56e0\u5951\u7ea6\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u7684\u9650\u5236\u6027\u5951\u7ea6\u800c\u65e0\u6cd5\u642c\u5165\u767d\u4eba\u793e\u533a\u3002\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5e03\u6717\u8bc9\u6559\u80b2\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a (1954)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u6848\u4ef6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u53cd\u5bf9\u5b66\u6821\u9694\u79bb\u7684\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u3002 1954 \u5e74\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u4e3a\u9ed1\u4eba\u548c\u767d\u4eba\u513f\u7ae5\u5f00\u8bbe\u7684\u72ec\u7acb\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u201c\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u201d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6839\u636e\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u662f\u8fdd\u5baa\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5168\u56fd\u6709\u8272\u4eba\u79cd\u534f\u8fdb\u4f1a\u4ee3\u8868\u7236\u6bcd\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u662f\u9ed1\u4eba\u800c\u88ab\u62d2\u7edd\u8fdb\u5165\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bb6\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u516c\u7acb\u5b66\u6821\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86 1896 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u6cd5\u9662\u6839\u636e\u201c\u9694\u79bb\u4f46\u5e73\u7b49\u201d\u7684\u539f\u5219\u652f\u6301\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u3002\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8d1d\u5229\u5927\u6218\u5e15\u7279\u68ee (1962)<\/b><\/h2>\n

1962 \u5e74\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4ef6\u5bfc\u81f4\u7981\u6b62\u5dde\u9645\u548c\u5dde\u5185\u4ea4\u901a\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u51b3\u5b9a\u662f\u5728\u5bf9\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u6355\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\u540e\u505a\u51fa\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u56e0\u6ca1\u6709\u5728\u5f00\u5f80\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u7684\u5df4\u58eb\u4e0a\u4e70\u7968\u800c\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u5bc6\u897f\u897f\u6bd4\u5dde\u5f53\u65f6\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u9694\u79bb\u6cd5\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5728\u5dde\u9645\u548c\u5dde\u5185\u8fd0\u8f93\u4e2d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5b58\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u7231\u4e0e\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a (1967)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a 1967 \u5e74\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u5e03\u53cd\u901a\u5a5a\u6cd5\u8fdd\u5baa\u3002 <\/span>\u6b64\u6848\u7684\u539f\u544a\u662f\u7406\u67e5\u5fb7\u548c\u7c73\u5c14\u5fb7\u4e3d\u5fb7\u00b7\u6d1b\u6587\uff0c\u4e00\u5bf9\u767d\u4eba\u7537\u5973\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u5f17\u5409\u5c3c\u4e9a\u5dde\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u5a5a\u59fb\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u975e\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u5bf9\u592b\u5987\u88ab\u5224\u5904\u4e00\u5e74\u5f92\u5211\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u8d66\u514d\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u88c1\u51b3\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u4e00\u81f4\u88c1\u5b9a\u8de8\u79cd\u65cf\u5a5a\u59fb\u7981\u4ee4\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u7b2c\u5341\u56db\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u6b63\u5f53\u7a0b\u5e8f\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u6b3e\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u743c\u65af\u8bc9\u6885\u5c14\u516c\u53f8 (1968)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662 1968 \u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4ef6\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86 1967 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9879\u88c1\u51b3\uff0c\u8be5\u88c1\u51b3\u79f0\u8054\u90a6\u6ca1\u6709\u9488\u5bf9\u79c1\u4eba\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u3002\u6cd5\u9662\u5ba3\u5e03\uff0c1866 \u5e74\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u6cd5\u6848\u7981\u6b62\u6240\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u516c\u5171\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u79c1\u4eba\u51fa\u552e\u623f\u5c4b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u88c1\u51b3\u6700\u7ec8\u5e2e\u52a9\u56fd\u4f1a\u901a\u8fc7\u4e86 1968 \u5e74\u7684\u300a\u516c\u5e73\u4f4f\u623f\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u8be5\u6cd5\u6848\u89c4\u5b9a\u5728\u51fa\u552e\u3001\u51fa\u79df\u6216\u878d\u8d44\u623f\u5c4b\u65f6\u6b67\u89c6\u67d0\u4eba\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u662f\u975e\u6cd5\u7684\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4e0e\u5df4\u514b (1978)<\/b><\/h2>\n

1978\u5e74\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u6b64\u6848\u4e2d\u88c1\u5b9a\u5927\u5b66\u62db\u751f\u7684\u79cd\u65cf\u914d\u989d\u5236\u5ea6\u8fdd\u5baa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b66\u6234\u7ef4\u65af\u5206\u6821\u533b\u5b66\u9662\u6709\u4e24\u6761\u72ec\u7acb\u7684\u62db\u751f\u9014\u5f84\uff1a\u4e00\u6761\u9488\u5bf9\u4ec5\u6839\u636e\u6210\u7ee9\u548c\u8003\u8bd5\u6210\u7ee9\u7684\u7533\u8bf7\u4eba\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u6761\u9488\u5bf9\u8981\u6c42\u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u5c11\u6570\u65cf\u88d4\u5b66\u751f\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\u5728\u62db\u8058\u4e2d\u7981\u6b62\u79cd\u65cf\u914d\u989d\u548c\u53cd\u5411\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u79f0\u5b83\u4eec\u8fdd\u5baa\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5df4\u7279\u68ee\u5927\u6218\u80af\u5854\u57fa (1986)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662 1986 \u5e74\u7684\u8fd9\u4e00\u6848\u4ef6\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u56e0\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u800c\u5c06\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u4ece\u5ba1\u5224\u4e2d\u64a4\u804c\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5df4\u7279\u68ee\u6848\u59cb\u4e8e\u4e00\u540d\u975e\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u88ab\u5224\u72af\u6709\u8c0b\u6740\u7f6a\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u5168\u767d\u4eba\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u5224\u5904\u7684\u6b7b\u5211\u540e\u6765\u5f97\u5230\u5dde\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u7684\u7ef4\u6301\u3002\u4ed6\u6839\u636e\u7b2c 14 \u6761\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u4fdd\u62a4\u6761\u6b3e\u63d0\u51fa\u4e0a\u8bc9\uff0c\u5e76\u5bfb\u6c42\u91cd\u65b0\u5ba1\u5224\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u88c1\u5b9a\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ea0\u6b63\u8fc7\u53bb\u5728\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6b67\u89c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u79cd\u65cf\u800c\u5c06\u966a\u5ba1\u5458\u4ece\u966a\u5ba1\u56e2\u540d\u5355\u4e2d\u5254\u9664\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u6c11\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u9ed1\u4eba\u793e\u533a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u4efb\u4f55\u56e0\u79cd\u65cf\u800c\u53d7\u5230\u6b67\u89c6\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5177\u6709\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u610f\u4e49\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u516c\u5e73\u5bf9\u5f85\uff0c\u5e76\u83b7\u5f97\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728 Napoli Shkolnik\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u6c11\u6743\u5f8b\u5e08\u56e2\u961f\u52aa\u529b\u786e\u4fdd\u6240\u6709\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u6027\u522b\u90fd\u5f97\u5230\u5e73\u7b49\u5bf9\u5f85\u3002\u4eca\u5929\u8054\u7cfb\u6211\u4eec\u4ee5\u83b7\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5982\u679c\u60a8\u5bf9\u516c\u6c11\u6743\u5229\u6709\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u3002<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u4e89\u53d6\u5e73\u7b49\u6743\u5229\u7684\u6597\u4e89\u5e38\u5e38\u5bfc\u81f4\u6539\u53d8\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3002\u968f\u7740\u9ed1\u4eba\u5386\u53f2\u6708\u5373\u5c06\u7ed3\u675f\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8981\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6848\u4ef6\u2026\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[782],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-rights"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8646\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/zh\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}