{"id":8646,"date":"2022-03-29T12:52:44","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T16:52:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/7-landmark-cases-that-changed-black-history\/"},"modified":"2022-03-29T12:52:44","modified_gmt":"2022-03-29T16:52:44","slug":"kara-gecmisi-degistiren-7-donum-noktasi-vakasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/kara-gecmisi-degistiren-7-donum-noktasi-vakasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Kara Tarihi De\u011fi\u015ftiren 7 D\u00f6n\u00fcm Noktas\u0131 Vakas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

E\u015fit haklar i\u00e7in verilen m\u00fccadele, genellikle tarihi de\u011fi\u015ftiren davalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kara Tarih Ay\u0131 sona ererken, Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri tarihinde d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 olarak \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kan bir\u00e7ok yasal davay\u0131 tan\u0131mak \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130\u015fte sadece birka\u00e7\u0131:<\/span><\/p>\n

Shelley, Kraemer'e Kar\u015f\u0131 (1948)<\/b><\/h2>\n

\u0130\u00e7inde 1948'deki bu dava<\/a>, Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme, \u0131rksal olarak k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerin - 'beyaz olmayanlara' ev sat\u0131lmamas\u0131na dair emlak tapular\u0131nda verilen s\u00f6zler - bir mahkemede uygulanamaz oldu\u011funa karar verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Karar, \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 sona erdirmedi, ancak sonunda "ayr\u0131 ama e\u015fit" alt\u0131nda yasalla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa son verecek toplumsal de\u011fi\u015fikliklere katk\u0131da bulundu. Dava, tapular\u0131nda yer alan k\u0131s\u0131tlay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fme nedeniyle Shelley ailesinin beyaz bir mahalleye ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 engellendi\u011finde ba\u015flad\u0131.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Brown E\u011fitim Kuruluna Kar\u015f\u0131 (1954)<\/b><\/h2>\n

Bu, Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme'nin en \u00fcnl\u00fc medeni haklar davalar\u0131ndan biridir ve okullarda ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011finde bir kararla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 1954'te Mahkeme, siyah ve beyaz \u00e7ocuklar i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 devlet okullar\u0131n\u0131n "do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi e\u015fitsiz" oldu\u011funa ve bu nedenle On D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc De\u011fi\u015fiklik uyar\u0131nca anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa karar verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

NAACP davay\u0131, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 s\u0131rf siyah olduklar\u0131 i\u00e7in evlerinin yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki devlet okullar\u0131na kabul edilmeyen ebeveynler ad\u0131na a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme karar\u0131, mahkemenin ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u201cayr\u0131 ama e\u015fit\u201d doktrini kapsam\u0131nda onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131 1896 tarihli bir \u00f6nceki karar\u0131 bozdu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bailey, Patterson'a Kar\u015f\u0131 (1962)<\/b><\/h2>\n

1962'deki bu Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme davas\u0131, eyaletler aras\u0131 ve eyalet i\u00e7i ula\u015f\u0131mda \u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yasaklanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu karar, Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131lar\u0131n tutuklanmas\u0131na itiraz edildikten sonra geldi. O zamanlar ayr\u0131mc\u0131 yasalara sahip olan Mississippi'ye giden bir otob\u00fcse bilet almad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in tutukland\u0131lar. Yarg\u0131tay, eyaletler aras\u0131 ve eyalet i\u00e7i ta\u015f\u0131mac\u0131l\u0131kta hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na karar verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Loving vs Virginia (1967)<\/b><\/h2>\n

1967'deki bu davada, Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme miscegenation yasalar\u0131n\u0131 anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 ilan etti. <\/span>Davadaki davac\u0131lar, Virginia eyalet yasalar\u0131na g\u00f6re evlili\u011fi yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 say\u0131lan beyaz bir adam ve siyah bir kad\u0131n olan Richard ve Mildred Loving idi. \u00c7ift bir y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, ancak sonunda affedildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Karara itiraz ettiler ve Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme oybirli\u011fiyle, \u0131rklar aras\u0131 evlilik yasaklar\u0131n\u0131n On D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin Hem Yarg\u0131 S\u00fcreci Maddesini hem de E\u015fit Koruma Maddesini ihlal etti\u011fine karar verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jones, Mayer Co.'ya Kar\u015f\u0131 (1968)<\/b><\/h2>\n

Bu 1968 Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi davas\u0131, \u00f6zel \u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na ili\u015fkin federal bir d\u00fczenleme olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n belirtildi\u011fi 1967 tarihli \u00f6nceki bir karar\u0131 bozdu. Mahkeme, 1866 Medeni Haklar Yasas\u0131'n\u0131n, evlerini satan \u00f6zel ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan bile, kamusal veya \u00f6zel t\u00fcm \u0131rk ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yasaklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mahkemenin karar\u0131 nihayetinde Kongre'nin, bir evi satarken, kiralarken veya finanse ederken birine \u0131rk\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131k yapmay\u0131 yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 k\u0131lan 1968 tarihli Adil Konut Yasas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7irmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

California \u00dcniversitesi Vekilleri Bakke'ye Kar\u015f\u0131 (1978)<\/b><\/h2>\n

1978'de Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme, bu davada \u00fcniversiteye kabul i\u00e7in \u0131rksal kota sistemlerinin anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funa karar verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Davis'teki California \u00dcniversitesi T\u0131p Fak\u00fcltesi'nin iki ayr\u0131 kabul yolu vard\u0131: biri yaln\u0131zca notlara ve test puanlar\u0131na g\u00f6re ba\u015fvuranlar i\u00e7in ve di\u011feri daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gereksinimleri olan az\u0131nl\u0131k \u00f6\u011frencileri i\u00e7in. Yarg\u0131tay, anayasaya ayk\u0131r\u0131 oldu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek i\u015fe al\u0131mlarda hem \u0131rk kotalar\u0131na hem de ters ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 karar verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Batson, Kentucky'ye Kar\u015f\u0131 (1986)<\/b><\/h2>\n

1986'daki bu Y\u00fcksek Mahkeme davas\u0131, j\u00fcri \u00fcyelerinin yaln\u0131zca \u0131rklar\u0131 nedeniyle bir duru\u015fmadan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koydu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Batson davas\u0131, Afrikal\u0131-Amerikal\u0131 bir adam\u0131n cinayetten h\u00fck\u00fcm giymesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131 ve tamamen beyazlardan olu\u015fan bir j\u00fcri taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6l\u00fcm cezas\u0131 daha sonra eyalet y\u00fcksek mahkemesi taraf\u0131ndan onayland\u0131. 14. De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fin e\u015fit koruma maddesine dayanarak temyize gitti ve yeni bir yarg\u0131lama istedi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yarg\u0131tay, j\u00fcri se\u00e7iminde ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00fczeltmek i\u00e7in bile j\u00fcri \u00fcyelerinin \u0131rklar\u0131 nedeniyle j\u00fcri havuzundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lamayaca\u011f\u0131na karar verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Medeni Haklar Avukatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemi<\/b><\/h2>\n

Bu vakalar sadece Siyahi toplulu\u011fa de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda \u0131rklar\u0131 nedeniyle ayr\u0131mc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa u\u011frayan herkese de yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu. Bu d\u00f6n\u00fcm noktas\u0131 niteli\u011findeki vakalar, t\u00fcm \u0131rklara ve cinsiyetlere adil davran\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011ferleriyle ayn\u0131 haklara sahip olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 oldu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Napoli Shkolnik'te sivil haklar avukatlar\u0131ndan olu\u015fan ekibimiz, t\u00fcm \u0131rklara ve cinsiyetlere e\u015fit muamele edilmesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in veya medeni haklar hakk\u0131nda ba\u015fka sorular\u0131n\u0131z varsa bug\u00fcn bize ula\u015f\u0131n.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

E\u015fit haklar i\u00e7in verilen m\u00fccadele, genellikle tarihi de\u011fi\u015ftiren davalara yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kara Tarih Ay\u0131 sona ererken, bir\u00e7ok yasal davay\u0131 tan\u0131mak \u00f6nemlidir\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[782],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-rights"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8646","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8646"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8646\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8646"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8646"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8646"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}