{"id":8139,"date":"2020-04-23T14:00:53","date_gmt":"2020-04-23T18:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/is-covid-19-covered-under-force-majeure-clauses\/"},"modified":"2022-08-18T21:16:09","modified_gmt":"2022-08-19T01:16:09","slug":"is-covid-19-kapsanan-mucbir-sebep-klozlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/is-covid-19-kapsanan-mucbir-sebep-klozlari\/","title":{"rendered":"COVID-19 M\u00fccbir Sebep Kapsam\u0131na Girer mi?"},"content":{"rendered":"

COVID-19 \u00c7in'i kas\u0131p kavurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u015fletmelere getirece\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n tad\u0131na bakt\u0131. Aniden tedarik zincirleri kilitlendi ve \u00fcreticiler ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 malzemeleri alamad\u0131lar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Art\u0131k vir\u00fcs t\u00fcm h\u0131z\u0131yla ev topraklar\u0131nda oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, karantina ve sosyal mesafe d\u00fczenlemeleri nedeniyle tedarik zincirlerinde ve i\u015fletmelerde daha fazla kesintiye u\u011framas\u0131 bir\u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in ciddi sorunlara neden oluyor. Baz\u0131 kurulu\u015flar, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar i\u00e7in tehlikeli ko\u015fullar, kaynak k\u0131tl\u0131klar\u0131 veya federal mesafe d\u00fczenlemeleri nedeniyle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getiremez durumda buluyor. Bu, bir\u00e7ok s\u00f6zle\u015fmede bulunan ve mevcut duruma uygulanabilecek bir madde etraf\u0131nda bir konu\u015fma yarat\u0131yor: m\u00fccbir sebep.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00fccbir sebep maddesi nedir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

M\u00fccbir sebep veya "\u00fcst\u00fcn kuvvet" maddesi, taraflardan birini veya her ikisini y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmekten muaf tutan bir s\u00f6zle\u015fme h\u00fckm\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemeyen ve \u00f6nlenemeyen ko\u015fullar s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi yerine getirmekten al\u0131koydu\u011funda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girer. "Tanr\u0131'n\u0131n i\u015fi" yasal terimi genellikle depremleri, kas\u0131rgalar\u0131 ve di\u011fer felaket olaylar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erebilen bu t\u00fcr olaylar\u0131 ifade etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir m\u00fccbir sebep, yayg\u0131n ve her iki taraf\u0131n kontrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6tesinde bir \u015fey olmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u015eartlar uygunsa, madde her bir taraf\u0131n g\u00f6revlerini a\u00e7\u0131klamal\u0131d\u0131r. Genellikle s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckler iptal edilmeyecek, sadece m\u00fccbir sebebin etkileri ge\u00e7ene kadar ertelenecektir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kesin \u015fartlar anla\u015fmadan anla\u015fmaya de\u011fi\u015fir. Tipik olarak taraflar, son teslim tarihlerini uzatma, anla\u015fmalar\u0131 feshetme veya performans kilometre ta\u015flar\u0131 i\u00e7in fazladan s\u00fcre tan\u0131ma gibi h\u00fck\u00fcmler verir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcz \u015fey, m\u00fccbir sebebin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00f6rne\u011fi gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Elimizde \u00f6l\u00fcmc\u00fcl bir vir\u00fcs var ve h\u00fck\u00fcmetler yay\u0131lmay\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in t\u00fcm ekonomileri kapatt\u0131. Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket, y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerini yerine getirmelerini engelleyerek normal i\u015flerine devam edemez. Yine de, bu terimin mevcut ko\u015fullar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda tart\u0131\u015fmalar devam etmektedir.<\/span><\/p>\n

COVID-19 m\u00fccbir sebep h\u00fckm\u00fc kapsam\u0131nda ge\u00e7erli midir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

COVID-19'un kesinlikle m\u00fccbir sebep kapsam\u0131na girip girmeyece\u011fi, \u015firketin \u00f6zel ko\u015fullar\u0131na, s\u00f6zle\u015fmelerinde belirtilen kesin \u015fartlara ve felaketin onlar\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>\n

COVID-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiz yayg\u0131nd\u0131r, ancak farkl\u0131 varl\u0131klar\u0131 ve yerleri de\u011fi\u015fen derecelerde etkiler. Baz\u0131 \u015firketler faaliyetlerini tamamen kapatmak zorunda kal\u0131rken, di\u011ferleri uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak veya \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i sat\u0131\u015f yaparak devam edebilir. M\u00fccbir sebebin bir duruma uygulanabilir olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilirken bu gibi fakt\u00f6rler \u00f6nemlidir.<\/span><\/p>\n

Baz\u0131 \u015firketler, m\u00fccbir sebepler alt\u0131nda kendilerini s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fcklerden muaf tutmak i\u00e7in yasal i\u015flemlere \u00e7oktan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak, mevcut durumda hangi kararlar\u0131n al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek i\u00e7in hen\u00fcz yeterli yasal emsalimiz yok. Mahkemeler, mevcut salg\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten de taraflar\u0131n m\u00fccbir sebep \u015fartlar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmesine izin veren istisnai bir durum oldu\u011funu tespit edebilir. Ama yine de olmayabilirler.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u015eu anda en rahats\u0131z edici konulardan biri, h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin genellikle t\u00fcz\u00fck \u00fczerine ger\u00e7ek yasalar de\u011fil, \u201cy\u00f6nergeler\u201d yay\u0131nlamas\u0131d\u0131r. Tipik olarak, bir m\u00fccbir sebep vakas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin yasal olarak seyahat k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131, karantinalar, ticari ambargolar ve i\u015fyeri kapatmalar\u0131 uygulamas\u0131yla g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilir. Ancak \u00e7o\u011fu durumda, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler vatanda\u015flara bu t\u00fcr \u00f6nlemleri uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye ediyor, ancak bunlar\u0131 uygulam\u0131yor, bu da i\u015fletmelerin teknik olarak yapmalar\u0131 gereken \u015feyler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan baz\u0131 gri alanlara yol a\u00e7\u0131yor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte hangi durumlar m\u00fccbir sebep h\u00fckm\u00fc kapsam\u0131ndayd\u0131?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Di\u011fer a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 olaylarda m\u00fccbir sebep maddelerini kullanan firmalar g\u00f6rd\u00fck.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130zlanda'daki Eyjafjallajokull buzulunun alt\u0131ndaki volkan\u0131n patlamas\u0131, Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok ticari u\u00e7u\u015fu durdurdu. Havayollar\u0131 m\u00fccbir sebep iddias\u0131nda bulundu ve bir\u00e7o\u011funun yolculara var\u0131\u015f yerlerine u\u00e7u\u015f sa\u011flamaman\u0131n yasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kurtulmas\u0131na izin verdi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu durumda, seyahat operat\u00f6rlerinin ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc durumlar\u0131 iddia etmeleri ve taahh\u00fctlerinden d\u00f6nmeleri mant\u0131kl\u0131yd\u0131. Yanarda\u011f, i\u015flerini y\u00fcr\u00fctme yeteneklerini do\u011frudan engelledi ve uygun alternatifler yoktu. Buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k, perakende sat\u0131\u015f ma\u011fazalar\u0131 gibi ilgisiz firmalar\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fme m\u00fczakerelerinde m\u00fccbir sebep iddias\u0131nda bulunmalar\u0131na hukuken izin verilmezdi. Do\u011frudan etkilenmediler ve makul bir \u015fekilde kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k tutabildiler.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bir\u00e7ok \u015firket de ter\u00f6r sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na tepki olarak m\u00fccbir sebep iddialar\u0131nda bulundu. 11 Eyl\u00fcl ter\u00f6rist sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan m\u00fclklerin tahrip edilmesi ve binalar\u0131n kapat\u0131lmas\u0131, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Manhattan'daki bir\u00e7ok firman\u0131n s\u00f6zle\u015fmeden do\u011fan vaatlerini yerine getirmesini engelledi. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, baz\u0131lar\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeyi bozmak zorunda kald\u0131.<\/span><\/p>\n

COVID-19'un yasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/span><\/h2>\n

Ba\u011flay\u0131c\u0131 s\u00f6zle\u015fmeler imzalayan kurulu\u015flar i\u00e7in bu salg\u0131n, \u00f6nemli yasal kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7\u0131yor. \u0130tibaren <\/span>ev sahipleri ve kirac\u0131lar<\/span><\/a> \u00f6denmeden b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 veya \u00f6deyemedi <\/span>fahi\u015f fiyat<\/span><\/a> vakalar ve daha fazlas\u0131, pandeminin yasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya devam ediyor. \u00dclkemizde canl\u0131 haf\u0131zada b\u00f6yle bir \u015fey g\u00f6rmedik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bu nedenle, firmalar\u0131n kalifiye bir uzmana dan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 gerekir. New York ticari dava avukat\u0131<\/a><\/span>\u00a0Napoli Shkolnik gibi. COVID-19 ile ilgili yasal sorunlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmaya devam ederken, uzmanlar mevcuttur ve i\u015fletmelerin pandeminin yasal etkilerini anlamalar\u0131na ve bir m\u00fccbir sebep h\u00fckm\u00fcn\u00fcn belirli vakalara uygulan\u0131p uygulanamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmaya haz\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

COVID-19 \u00c7in'i kas\u0131p kavurmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131 i\u015fletmelere getirece\u011fi y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131n tad\u0131na bakt\u0131. Aniden tedarik zincirleri kilitlendi ve \u00fcreticiler\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8140,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[792],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8139","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-coronavirus"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8139","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8139"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8139\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8140"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8139"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8139"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8139"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}