{"id":8068,"date":"2020-02-28T13:00:27","date_gmt":"2020-02-28T18:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/how-are-we-fighting-opioid-crisis-2020-america\/"},"modified":"2023-05-18T10:03:38","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T14:03:38","slug":"2020-amerika-opioid-kriziyle-nasil-mucadele-ediyoruz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/2020-amerika-opioid-kriziyle-nasil-mucadele-ediyoruz\/","title":{"rendered":"2020 Amerika's\u0131nda Opioid Kriziyle Nas\u0131l M\u00fccadele Ediyoruz?"},"content":{"rendered":"ABD'deki opioid krizi 1990'lardan beri art\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn, opioidler a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine neden olan birincil uyu\u015fturucu haline geldi ve Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi, <\/span>a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dozda opioidden \u00f6lme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/span><\/a> \u015fimdi bir araba kazas\u0131nda \u00f6lenlerden daha y\u00fcksek.<\/span>\n\nAncak son birka\u00e7 y\u0131lda krize ili\u015fkin kamuoyu fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde artt\u0131 ve istatistikler cesaret k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olsa da, asl\u0131nda salg\u0131n\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131yor. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 a\u011fr\u0131 kesici ila\u00e7 re\u00e7eteleri azald\u0131 ve krizi frenlemeye ve opioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan muzdarip binlerce Amerikal\u0131ya yard\u0131m etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in HEAL politikas\u0131 da dahil olmak \u00fczere yasalar getirildi.\u00a0<\/span>\n

ABD Opioid Krizi Nedir?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nOpioid krizi, hem sentetik hem de sentetik olmayan opioid ila\u00e7lara olan ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve ABD genelinde salg\u0131n oranlara ula\u015fan buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131n\u0131 ifade eder.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nOpioidler, a\u011fr\u0131 tedavisinde yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan bir ila\u00e7 ailesidir. Opioidler bir doktor taraf\u0131ndan re\u00e7ete edildi\u011finde a\u011fr\u0131 tedavisi i\u00e7in uygun olabilseler de, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131c\u0131 yap\u0131lar\u0131 bir\u00e7ok hastan\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k geli\u015ftirmesine ve art\u0131k ihtiya\u00e7 kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile bunlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ve tehlikeli bir \u015fekilde kullanmaya devam etmesine neden olmu\u015ftur.<\/span>\n

Nas\u0131l ba\u015flad\u0131?<\/span><\/h2>\nOpioid krizinin olu\u015fumunun izini s\u00fcrebiliriz <\/span>1990'lara geri d\u00f6n<\/span><\/a>; ancak 1999 gibi ge\u00e7 bir tarihte bile, 100.000 \u00f6l\u00fcmden sadece 3'\u00fc opioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yordu. Bununla birlikte, doktorlar ve ila\u00e7 \u015firketleri, opioidlerin sa\u011fl\u0131k riski olu\u015fturmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 konusunda \u0131srar ettik\u00e7e, opioid re\u00e7eteleri dramatik bir \u015fekilde artmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/span>\n\nBuna ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, metadon gibi yayg\u0131n olarak re\u00e7ete edilen opioidler ve hem do\u011fal hem de yar\u0131 sentetik opioidler en b\u00fcy\u00fck su\u00e7lular olmak \u00fczere, her y\u0131l opioidle ili\u015fkili \u00f6l\u00fcmlerin say\u0131s\u0131 artmaya devam etti.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nAncak soruna neden olan tek ila\u00e7 re\u00e7eteli opioidler de\u011fildir; opioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan mustarip olanlar re\u00e7eteli tedavilere kar\u015f\u0131 bir tolerans geli\u015ftirirler ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ilaca ihtiya\u00e7 duyarlar ve re\u00e7eteli opioidleri kullanmaktan eroin dahil yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 alternatiflere ge\u00e7tiklerine dair kan\u0131tlar vard\u0131r.<\/span>\n

\u0130nsanlar\u0131 Nas\u0131l Etkiliyor?\u00a0<\/span><\/h2>\nOpioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, ila\u00e7 re\u00e7ete edilmi\u015f olsun ya da sadece ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olan birini tan\u0131yor olsun, herkesi etkileyebilir. 2017'de 47.000 ki\u015fi opioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doza ba\u011fland\u0131. Toplamda 2 milyon Amerikal\u0131, hem re\u00e7eteli hem de re\u00e7etesiz opioidlerin k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan komplikasyonlar ya\u015f\u0131yor.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nOpioidlerin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 nedeniyle, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dozda uyu\u015fturucu \u015fu anda Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri'nde 50 ya\u015f ve alt\u0131 yeti\u015fkinler i\u00e7in ba\u015fl\u0131ca \u00f6l\u00fcm nedenidir ve bu vakalar\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131ndan opioidler sorumludur.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nEroin gibi baz\u0131 opioidler yayg\u0131n olarak intraven\u00f6z olarak t\u00fcketildi\u011finden, k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131m di\u011fer sorunlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 HIV\/AIDS riskine de sokabilir.<\/span>\n\nKriz sadece bireyler ve aileler \u00fczerinde de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda hastalara bakmak, opioid kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek ve salg\u0131n dalgas\u0131n\u0131 durdurmak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler bulmak i\u00e7in giderek daha b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda kaynak harcad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u015fehirler ve eyaletler \u00fczerinde de bir zarar g\u00f6r\u00fcyor.<\/span>\n

Bununla M\u00fccadele Etmek \u0130\u00e7in Neler Yap\u0131l\u0131yor?<\/span><\/h2>\nYanl\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve sorunlar\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in, <\/span>ABD Hastal\u0131k Kontrol Merkezi (CDC) kapsaml\u0131 y\u00f6nergeler sa\u011flar<\/span><\/a> ve kronik a\u011fr\u0131 i\u00e7in opioid tedavilerinin re\u00e7etelenmesine ili\u015fkin d\u00fczenlemeler. Bu t\u00fcr a\u011fr\u0131lar i\u00e7in opioid tedavisi kontrol edilirse ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ve faydal\u0131 olabilirken, CDC t\u0131p uzmanlar\u0131n\u0131 birincil ad\u0131m olarak opioid olmayan tedavileri se\u00e7meye te\u015fvik ederken, opioid bazl\u0131 ila\u00e7lar yaln\u0131zca dikkatli bir de\u011ferlendirmeden ve d\u00fczenli ihtiya\u00e7 de\u011ferlendirmelerinden sonra kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. .<\/span>\n\nNaloxone, opioid kriziyle sava\u015fmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Naloxone, a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dozu tersine \u00e7eviren bir ila\u00e7t\u0131r. <\/span>\u00f6l\u00fcm say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak<\/span><\/a> opioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve bir\u00e7ok eyalet son y\u0131llarda yasalar \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/span>Naloxone'un mevcut olmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiren<\/span><\/a> ve re\u00e7ete edilebilir.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nABD Sa\u011fl\u0131k ve \u0130nsan Hizmetleri Departman\u0131, opioid krizini daha da azaltmak i\u00e7in bir strateji a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bu, daha eri\u015filebilir bir tedavi merkezi se\u00e7ene\u011fi sunan, opioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tehlikelerinin daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in fark\u0131ndal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kamu g\u00f6zetimini art\u0131ran ve ayr\u0131ca a\u011fr\u0131 ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n tedavisine y\u00f6nelik ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara destek veren bir dizi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7eriyordu.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nAc\u0131y\u0131 y\u00f6netmenin yeni yollar\u0131na odaklanmay\u0131 art\u0131rarak, devlet kurumlar\u0131 ve \u00f6zel sa\u011fl\u0131k hizmeti sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131, benzer \u015fekilde opioid ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6rmeyi umuyor.<\/span>\n\n\u00dcstelik, <\/span>opioid avukatlar\u0131<\/span><\/a> \u00fcreticilerin ve distrib\u00fct\u00f6rlerin haks\u0131z \u00f6l\u00fcmlerden ve halk sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 maliyetlerinden finansal olarak sorumlu tutulmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor, bu da bu kurulu\u015flar \u00fczerinde sorumlu davranmalar\u0131 ve krizin sona ermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in bask\u0131 olu\u015fturuyor.\u00a0<\/span>\n\nNapoli Shkolnik is working to combat the epidemic by representing cities, states, and municipalities against manufacturers and distributors. In October, our client Cuyahoga County reached a landmark <\/span>$260 milyon \u00f6deme <\/span><\/a>i\u00e7inde <\/span>\u00f6nc\u00fc deneme<\/span><\/a> opioid salg\u0131n\u0131ndan sorumlu d\u00f6rt kilit oyuncuya kar\u015f\u0131. Bu dava, benzer davalardan nas\u0131l bir uzla\u015fma beklenebilece\u011finin bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olacakt\u0131r. \u0130l\u00e7e yetkilileri paray\u0131 tedavi planlar\u0131, ebeveynleri a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 dozdan \u00f6len \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131 ve ilgili ceza adaleti sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in kullanacak.<\/span>\n\nY\u00fcksek Mahkeme Yarg\u0131c\u0131 Jerry Garguilo taraf\u0131ndan atanan Paul Napoli, devam etmekte olan New York opioid maliyetinin tahsili davas\u0131nda E\u015f Ba\u015f Dan\u0131\u015fmand\u0131r. Nassau ve Suffolk il\u00e7eleri ad\u0131na bir sonraki opioid denemesinin Mart ay\u0131nda ba\u015flamas\u0131 planlan\u0131yor.<\/span>\n\nNapoli Shkolnik will continue to represent those who have been affected against the manufacturers and distributors.<\/span>\n

Son FDA Y\u00f6netmelikleri<\/span><\/h2>\n2020 y\u0131l\u0131nda, <\/span>FDA, politika ve d\u00fczenlemelerdeki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri duyurmay\u0131 planl\u0131yor<\/span><\/a> Salg\u0131n\u0131 daha da azaltmak i\u00e7in. Bu d\u00fczenlemeler \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:\u00a0<\/span>\n
    \n \t
  • Transmukozal fentanil ila\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in Risk De\u011ferlendirme ve Azaltma Stratejisinin g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Opioid olmayan a\u011fr\u0131 kesici ila\u00e7lar\u0131n geli\u015ftirilmesini te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fcncellenmi\u015f k\u0131lavuz yay\u0131nlay\u0131n<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Tedarik zincirlerinin y\u00f6netimine dahil olan kurulu\u015flar\u0131n opioid ila\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 izlemesini ve izlemesini sa\u011flay\u0131n<\/span><\/li>\n \t
  • Belirli ila\u00e7lar\u0131n ayaktan hastalara da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in zorunlu k\u0131sa vadeli paketleme<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\nKamu g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve opioid krizini sona erdirmek i\u00e7in yap\u0131lacak \u00e7ok \u015fey var, ancak opioidlerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek ve bu uyu\u015fturuculara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olanlara destek sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ad\u0131mlar at\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek cesaret verici.<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    ABD'deki opioid krizi 1990'lardan beri art\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcn, opioidler a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 doz \u00f6l\u00fcmlerine neden olan birincil uyu\u015fturucu haline geldi ve Ulusal G\u00fcvenlik Konseyi'nin bildirdi\u011fine g\u00f6re...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[785],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8068","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-opioid-crisis"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8068","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8068"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8068\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8068"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8068"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8068"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}