{"id":7575,"date":"2018-03-26T13:40:14","date_gmt":"2018-03-26T17:40:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/tennessee-pays-former-inmate-1m\/"},"modified":"2018-03-26T13:40:14","modified_gmt":"2018-03-26T17:40:14","slug":"tennessee-eski-mahkum-1m-oder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/tennessee-eski-mahkum-1m-oder\/","title":{"rendered":"Tennessee Eski Mahk\u00fbma $1M \u00d6d\u00fcyor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>61 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Lawrence McKinney, 1978&#039;deki mahkumiyeti nihayet kesinle\u015fti\u011finde ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta sadece $75 ald\u0131. <a href=\"\/tr\/uygulama-alanlari-2\/insan-haklari\/\">devrildi<\/a> 2009&#039;da. Yeniden de\u011ferlendirme \u00fczerine, g\u00f6n\u00fcls\u00fcz bir Tennessee \u0130ddia Kurulu, maksimum $1 milyon \u00f6demeyi onaylad\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bay McKinney, hen\u00fcz 22 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken, Memphis&#039;li bir kad\u0131na \u00e7ifte vah\u015fi tecav\u00fczde rol ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddias\u0131yla 115 y\u0131l hapis cezas\u0131na \u00e7arpt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Neredeyse tam olarak otuz y\u0131l sonra, DNA kan\u0131t\u0131, Bay McKinney&#039;nin s\u00f6z konusu gece kad\u0131n\u0131n yata\u011f\u0131nda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin olarak ortaya koydu. Bu kan\u0131tlara dayanarak, bir yarg\u0131\u00e7 mahkumiyetini bozdu ve serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131na karar verdi. O s\u0131rada, hapishanede ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131m sent olan $75 ald\u0131. Bay McKinney, kimli\u011fi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7eki bozdurmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 ay s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n<p>2016 y\u0131l\u0131nda, Bay McKinney \u015fartl\u0131 tahliye kurulundan mahkumiyeti bozmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Ancak komite oybirli\u011fiyle ona kar\u015f\u0131 oy kulland\u0131. Bir \u00fcye, DNA kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmezden geldi\u011fini ve bunun yerine kurban\u0131n g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kimli\u011fine g\u00fcvendi\u011fini itiraf etti, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc &quot;kurban\u0131n polise verdi\u011fi ifadeler, McKinney&#039;nin tan\u0131m\u0131yla birebir \u00f6rt\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyordu.&quot; Bir y\u0131l sonra, Tennessee Valisi Bill Haslam, Bay McKinney&#039;i affetti. Bu karar, ba\u015fvuruda bulunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-us-canada-43496741\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tazminat<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Devlet paran\u0131n kabaca \u00fc\u00e7te birini pe\u015fin \u00f6dedi; geri kalan\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki on y\u0131l i\u00e7in $3.350 ayl\u0131k taksitlerle gelecek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hatal\u0131 Hapsedilmenin Zararlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu hikayenin g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi gibi, bir\u00e7ok yerde haks\u0131z yere h\u00fck\u00fcm giymi\u015f ki\u015filer tazminat i\u00e7in \u00e7ok m\u00fccadele etmek zorunda kal\u0131yor. Amerika&#039;daki eyaletlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k yar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n konuyla ilgili herhangi bir yasas\u0131 yok. Tennessee&#039;de, yaln\u0131zca idari af alan ki\u015filer tazminat almaya hak kazan\u0131r. O zaman bile, zamana\u015f\u0131m\u0131 sadece bir y\u0131ld\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>New York, aksine, bir <a href=\"http:\/\/codes.findlaw.com\/ny\/court-of-claims-act\/ctc-sect-8-b.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00e7ok ilerici<\/a> ma\u011fdur tazminat yasas\u0131 Haks\u0131z yere hapsedilen ki\u015filerin, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakilerden herhangi birine dayal\u0131 olarak mali taleplerde bulunmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in iki y\u0131l\u0131 vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cumhurba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya valilik aff\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Ceza mahkemesinin yetkisiz olmas\u0131,<\/li>\n<li>Adli veya adli suistimal,<\/li>\n<li>San\u0131k zihinsel kapasiteden yoksun veya<\/li>\n<li>Duru\u015fmada mevcut olmayan yeni temize \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131c\u0131 kan\u0131tlar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Empire State&#039;te hasar \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 yoktur. Alacaklar Mahkemesi, ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda adil oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc herhangi bir miktarda paraya h\u00fckmedebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Tazminat \u00f6nemli olabilir. Connecticut, eyaletin medyan hane gelirinin iki kat\u0131n\u0131 makul bir miktar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcyor. New Jersey, mevcut tazminat\u0131, san\u0131\u011f\u0131n hapsedilmeden \u00f6nceki son y\u0131ll\u0131k gelirinin iki kat\u0131 veya y\u0131lda $50.000 (hangisi daha b\u00fcy\u00fckse) olarak belirler. Herhangi bir \u00f6d\u00fcl, kaybedilen geliri, konsorsiyum kayb\u0131n\u0131 (arkada\u015fl\u0131k) ve uzun hapis cezas\u0131n\u0131n neredeyse hayal edilemez stresini yans\u0131tmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, yukar\u0131daki tazminata ek olarak, B\u00f6l\u00fcm 1983 kapsam\u0131ndaki federal taleplere izin verilebilir ve ma\u011fdurun hapsedildi\u011fi her y\u0131l i\u00e7in $1.000.000,00 tutar\u0131nda mali iyile\u015fme ile sonu\u00e7lanabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir avukat, davan\u0131za do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde de\u011fer verebilir ve ard\u0131ndan, m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olan en geni\u015f \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde, t\u00fcm kayb\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yeterince telafi edecek bir \u00f6d\u00fcl i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele edebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hatal\u0131 Hapsedilme Gerek\u00e7eleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki hikaye, haks\u0131z yere hapsedilme vakalar\u0131ndaki en yayg\u0131n ikilemlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 da vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.law.umich.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1052&amp;context=mjrl\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Irklar aras\u0131 kimlik<\/a> bu konularda s\u0131k s\u0131k sorun oluyor. M\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011fu kadar adil olmak i\u00e7in, \u00e7o\u011fu polis kadrosunda hepsi kabaca ayn\u0131 ya\u015f, boy ve kiloda olan alt\u0131 veya sekiz ki\u015fi bulunur. Pek \u00e7ok insan biyolojik olarak farkl\u0131 \u0131rklardan insanlar aras\u0131nda ince ayr\u0131mlar yapmaktan acizdir. Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, onlar ger\u00e7ekten <em>Yapmak <\/em>hepsi birbirine benziyor<\/p>\n<p>CRA&#039;n\u0131n \u0131rk\u00e7\u0131l\u0131kla hi\u00e7bir ilgisi yoktur. Y\u0131llarca ba\u015fka bir \u0131rk\u0131n i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan insanlar bile \u0131rklar aras\u0131 kimlik belirlemede sorun ya\u015f\u0131yor. Ceza hukukunda durum daha da vahimdir. CRA&#039;ya ek olarak, ma\u011fdur\/tan\u0131k, genellikle a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 duygusal bask\u0131 alt\u0131ndayken, karanl\u0131k bir odada k\u0131sa bir an i\u00e7in san\u0131\u011fa yaln\u0131zca k\u0131smi bir bak\u0131\u015f atabilir.<\/p>\n<p>G\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 ifadesinin kendisi \u00e7ok tart\u0131\u015fmal\u0131d\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla yukar\u0131da belirtilen fakt\u00f6rler nedeniyle, bu t\u00fcr bir tan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n do\u011fas\u0131 gere\u011fi g\u00fcvenilmez oldu\u011funa dair \u00e7ok say\u0131da kan\u0131t vard\u0131r. Sorun \u00e7ok g\u00fcndeme geliyor. G\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n ifadeleri genellikle ikinci dereceden delil kovu\u015fturmalar\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131d\u0131r ve bu t\u00fcr ifadeleri sorgulamak, t\u00fcm bu mahkumiyetleri \u015f\u00fcpheye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu nedenle savc\u0131lar bu iddialarla di\u015fe di\u015f m\u00fccadele ediyor.<\/p>\n<p>Bu konudaki en son kararlardan biri Illinois&#039;den geldi. Bu eyaletin Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesi ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz g\u00fcnlerde san\u0131klar\u0131n bilirki\u015fileri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rabileceklerine karar verdi. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.chicagotribune.com\/news\/ct-eyewitness-expert-testimony-illinois-met-20160911-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ge\u00e7erlili\u011fe meydan okumak<\/a> g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 hesaplar\u0131ndan. Mahkeme, 1990&#039;lardan bu yana, &quot;G\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 kimliklerinin her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kadar g\u00fcvenilir olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmekle kalmad\u0131k, ayn\u0131 zamanda bilimsel a\u00e7\u0131dan bunun neden s\u0131kl\u0131kla b\u00f6yle oldu\u011funu da \u00f6\u011frendik&quot; dedi.<\/p>\n<p>Son olarak, olay yerindeki v\u00fccut s\u0131v\u0131lar\u0131 veya di\u011fer biyolojik kan\u0131tlar meselesi var. \u00dclkede bozulan mahkumiyet kararlar\u0131n\u0131n kabaca d\u00f6rtte biri, neredeyse tamamen <a href=\"https:\/\/nij.gov\/journals\/279\/Pages\/wrongful-convictions-and-dna-exonerations.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DNA kan\u0131t\u0131<\/a>. Bu bulgular, di\u011fer bir\u00e7ok durumda \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r, hatta belirleyici bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr. Yanl\u0131\u015f g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 beyanlar\u0131n\u0131n son derece \u00f6nyarg\u0131l\u0131 etkisinin \u00fcstesinden gelmenin en iyi yolu, reddedilemez bilimsel kan\u0131tlard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Haks\u0131z yere hapsedilen kurbanlar, parmakl\u0131klar ard\u0131nda ge\u00e7irdikleri uzun, \u00e7ok uzun saatler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli miktarda tazminat alma hakk\u0131na sahiptir. ile \u00fccretsiz dan\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in <a href=\"\/tr\/bize-ulasin\/\">New York&#039;ta deneyimli sivil haklar avukat\u0131<\/a>, contact Napoli Shkolnik . We handle these kinds of cases on a nationwide basis.<\/p>\n<p>Resim: Florida Masumiyet Projesi<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>61 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Lawrence McKinney, 1978&#039;deki mahk\u00fbmiyeti nihayet 2009&#039;da bozuldu\u011funda ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta sadece $75 ald\u0131.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7576,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[782],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-civil-rights"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7575\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7576"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7575"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}