{"id":7569,"date":"2018-04-17T10:32:46","date_gmt":"2018-04-17T14:32:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/what-exactly-are-occupational-diseases\/"},"modified":"2022-08-18T21:26:10","modified_gmt":"2022-08-19T01:26:10","slug":"tam-olarak-meslek-hastaliklari-nedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/tam-olarak-meslek-hastaliklari-nedir\/","title":{"rendered":"Meslek Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Tam Olarak Nelerdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f veya mesleki faaliyet sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan herhangi bir kronik rahats\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin bir y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, tipik olarak, belirli bir i\u015f\u00e7i kitlesinde genel n\u00fcfusa veya di\u011fer i\u015f\u00e7i topluluklar\u0131na g\u00f6re daha yayg\u0131n oldu\u011fu g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr ilk hastal\u0131k, skrotumun skuam\u00f6z h\u00fccreli karsinomu, 1775&#039;te Sir Percival Pott taraf\u0131ndan baca temizleyicisi \u00e7ocuklarda tan\u0131mland\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Travmatik nitelikteki mesleki tehlikeler (\u00e7at\u0131 ustalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmesi gibi) meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olarak kabul edilmez. \u201cBir\u00e7ok \u00fclkede i\u015f\u00e7i tazminat\u0131 yasas\u0131na g\u00f6re, belirli hastal\u0131klar\u0131n i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015f ortam\u0131nda bulunmas\u0131ndan kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131m\u0131 vard\u0131r ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n ba\u015fka bir nedenden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterme y\u00fck\u00fc i\u015fverene veya sigortac\u0131ya aittir. Ulusal i\u015f\u00e7i tazmin makamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan tazmin edilen hastal\u0131klara genellikle meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131 denir. Ancak bir\u00e7ok \u00fclke, i\u015ften kaynaklanan kas-iskelet sistemi rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 gibi baz\u0131 hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in tazminat sunmamaktad\u0131r\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Occupational_disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vikipedi<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Meslek Hastal\u0131klar\u0131 Resmi Listeleri<\/h2>\n<p>\u201cYeni liste, kimyasal, fiziksel ve biyolojik ajanlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klardan solunum ve cilt hastal\u0131klar\u0131na, kas-iskelet sistemi bozukluklar\u0131na ve mesleki kansere kadar uluslararas\u0131 kabul g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f bir dizi meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyor. Ruhsal ve davran\u0131\u015fsal bozukluklar ilk kez \u00f6zel olarak ILO listesine dahil edilmi\u015ftir. Bu listede ayr\u0131ca yukar\u0131da bahsedilen hastal\u0131klarla ilgili t\u00fcm b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerde a\u00e7\u0131k maddeler bulunmaktad\u0131r. A\u00e7\u0131k maddeler, i\u015f faaliyetlerinden kaynaklanan risk fakt\u00f6rlerine maruz kalma ile i\u015f\u00e7inin kapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda bir ba\u011flant\u0131 kurulursa, listede belirtilmeyen hastal\u0131klar\u0131n mesleki k\u00f6keninin tan\u0131nmas\u0131na izin verir. G\u00fcncellenen listede hangi hastal\u0131klar\u0131n dikkate al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131na karar vermek i\u00e7in \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan kriterler \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir: belirli bir ajan, maruz kalma veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcreci ile nedensel bir ili\u015fki vard\u0131r; belirli bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ortam\u0131 ve\/veya belirli mesleklerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 olarak meydana gelirler; ilgili i\u015f\u00e7i gruplar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, n\u00fcfusun geri kalan\u0131ndaki ortalama g\u00f6r\u00fclme s\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan bir s\u0131kl\u0131kta ortaya \u00e7\u0131karlar; ve maruziyetin ard\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir hastal\u0131k modelinin ve nedenin akla yatk\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bilimsel kan\u0131t\u0131 vard\u0131r\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ilo.org\/wcmsp5\/groups\/public\/---ed_protect\/---protrav\/---safework\/documents\/publication\/wcms_125137.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uluslararas\u0131 \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma \u00d6rg\u00fct\u00fc<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bu listede yer alan baz\u0131 durumlar\u0131n, bozukluklar\u0131n ve hastal\u0131klar\u0131n sadece bir \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kimyasal ajanlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar - berilyum dahil, <a href=\"\/tr\/uygulama-alanlari-2\/isci-tazminati\/benzen-maruziyet-sss\/\">benzen<\/a>, fosfor, krom, arsenik, c\u0131va, nikel, kur\u015fun, karbon ve \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131<\/li>\n<li>Glikoller, ketonlar, akrilonitril, talyum, bak\u0131r, kalay, \u00e7inko, platin, amonyak, k\u00fck\u00fcrt oksitler ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren mineraller ve di\u011fer elementlerin neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar<\/li>\n<li>Kimyasallar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar - pestisitler, g\u00fcbreler, boyalar, \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcc\u00fcler, benzin, ya\u011f, alkol, \u00e7ama\u015f\u0131r suyu, <a href=\"\/tr\/uygulama-alanlari-2\/cevre-davasi\/yuvarlak-kimyasal-pestisit-lenfoma-baglantisi\/\">ot \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc<\/a>ve \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131.<\/li>\n<li>Fiziksel ajanlar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu hastal\u0131klar \u2013 <a href=\"\/tr\/uygulama-alanlari-2\/isci-tazminati\/mesleki-isitme-kaybi\/\">\u0130\u015fitme bozuklu\u011fu<\/a> i\u015fyeri g\u00fcr\u00fclt\u00fcs\u00fcnden, titre\u015fimden kaynaklanan problemlerden, bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 veya bas\u0131nc\u0131 azalt\u0131lm\u0131\u015f havadan kaynaklanan hastal\u0131klardan, iyonla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 radyasyonlardan kaynaklanan problemlerden, ultraviyole, g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr \u0131\u015f\u0131k, k\u0131z\u0131l\u00f6tesi radyasyonlara maruz kalma ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131klara maruz kalma gibi di\u011fer sorunlar.<\/li>\n<li>Biyolojik ajanlar ve bula\u015f\u0131c\u0131 veya parazitik hastal\u0131klar \u2013 Bruselloz, Hepatit vir\u00fcsleri, HIV, Tetanoz, T\u00fcberk\u00fcloz, Toksik veya enflamatuar sendromlar, \u015earbon, Leptospiroz, Mezotelyoma ve daha fazlas\u0131 dahil.<\/li>\n<li>Solunum hastal\u0131klar\u0131, cilt hastal\u0131klar\u0131, kas hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, kemik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, ak\u0131l hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, davran\u0131\u015f bozukluklar\u0131, kan ve dola\u015f\u0131m bozukluklar\u0131, kanser ve daha fazlas\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z Olan Yard\u0131m\u0131 Alma<\/h2>\n<p>Meslek hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n etkilerine maruz kalan pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi i\u00e7in hikayenin en \u00fcz\u00fcc\u00fc k\u0131sm\u0131, bir yaralanmadan sonra hayatta kalmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmektir. Onlar ve aileleri genellikle hak ettikleri ve \u00e7ok ihtiya\u00e7 duyduklar\u0131 yard\u0131m\u0131 almakta zorlan\u0131rlar. Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce Lancaster Pennsylvania&#039;dan gelen bu hikaye, bu trajik duruma dikkat \u00e7ekiyor: \u201cGene Cooper&#039;\u0131n i\u015finin beynine zarar verdi\u011fine ve sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mahvetti\u011fine dair ilk kan\u0131t par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u015fin kolay k\u0131sm\u0131yd\u0131. Bu sadece kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6rt y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131, sekiz doktoru ve en az bir d\u00fczine testi ald\u0131. Zor k\u0131s\u0131m: eski i\u015fverenine \u00f6deme yapt\u0131rmak. Sandra Cooper&#039;\u0131n kocas\u0131 ad\u0131na i\u015f\u00e7i tazminat\u0131 talebinde bulunmas\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinden sekiz y\u0131l ge\u00e7ti. 4,5 y\u0131l s\u00fcren \u00e7eki\u015fmenin ard\u0131ndan, bir yarg\u0131\u00e7, tuhaf bir mizah anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131na sahip, iki \u00e7ocuk zeki bir baba olan Gene Cooper&#039;\u0131n bir bak\u0131mevi hastas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmesinin nedeninin bir d\u00f6\u015feme fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kimyasal maddelere maruz kalmas\u0131 oldu\u011funa karar verdi\u011finde galip geldi. Ailesi ziyaret etti\u011finde konu\u015fmuyor ve bazen uzaya bak\u0131yordu. 2012 y\u0131l\u0131yd\u0131. Sandra Cooper, \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden yakla\u015f\u0131k iki y\u0131l sonra, bug\u00fcn hala sa\u011fl\u0131k faturalar\u0131n\u0131 ve kaybedilen maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor\u201d (<a href=\"http:\/\/www.slate.com\/articles\/news_and_politics\/politics\/2015\/11\/workers_comp_is_failing_to_pay_victims_of_occupational_disease_center_for.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Arduvaz<\/a>).<\/p>\n<p>Bunun sizin ve ailenizin ba\u015f\u0131na gelmemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in buraday\u0131z, bu nedenle deneyimli bir <a href=\"\/tr\/uygulama-alanlari-2\/isci-tazminati\/\">i\u015f\u00e7i tazminat avukat\u0131<\/a> bug\u00fcn bir arama<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015f veya mesleki faaliyet sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan herhangi bir kronik rahats\u0131zl\u0131kt\u0131r. \u0130\u015f sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011finin bir y\u00f6n\u00fcd\u00fcr. Bir meslek hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 tipik olarak \u015fu durumlarda tan\u0131mlan\u0131r\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7570,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[778],"tags":[806,871],"class_list":["post-7569","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-workers-compensation","tag-occupational-diseases","tag-benzene-exposure"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7569","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7569\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}