{"id":7174,"date":"2017-07-21T19:59:35","date_gmt":"2017-07-21T23:59:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/obtaining-compensation-indirect-injuries\/"},"modified":"2017-07-21T19:59:35","modified_gmt":"2017-07-21T23:59:35","slug":"tazminat-alma-dolayli-yaralanmalar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/tazminat-alma-dolayli-yaralanmalar\/","title":{"rendered":"Dolayl\u0131 Yaralanmalar \u0130\u00e7in Tazminat Al\u0131nmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Benjamin Franklin, "hakk\u0131nda birka\u00e7 sat\u0131r yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, eylemlerimizin (veya eylemsizliklerimizin) neredeyse s\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131z dolayl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011funu fark eden ilk Amerikal\u0131lardan biriydi.bir at nal\u0131 \u00e7ivisi u\u011fruna<\/a>\u201d bir say\u0131s\u0131nda Zavall\u0131 Richard'\u0131n Almana\u011f\u0131<\/em>. \u00d6rnek olarak, bir demircinin at nal\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ivisi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bir binici sava\u015fa kat\u0131lamad\u0131, sava\u015f kaybedildi ve krall\u0131k da \u00f6yle.<\/p>\n

Bu ilke \u015f\u00fcphesiz g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famda do\u011frudur, ancak ihmal durumlar\u0131nda \u00e7izginin bir yerde \u00e7izilmesi gerekir. 1928'den beri, New York \u00f6rne\u011finde ifade edildi\u011fi gibi, "bir yerde" \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik kural\u0131 olmu\u015ftur. Palsgraf - Long Island Demiryolu \u015eirketi<\/em><\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Ger\u00e7ekler<\/h3>\n

G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re olduk\u00e7a sert bir bo\u015fanma davas\u0131ndan kurtulmak isteyen Bayan Palsgraf, k\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 bir g\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne Rockaway Sahili'ne g\u00f6t\u00fcrmeye karar verdi. \u0130stasyona biraz erken vard\u0131lar ve yak\u0131nda hareket edecek olan trenlerini peronda beklediler.<\/p>\n

Peronun di\u011fer ucunda, baz\u0131 g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n olduk\u00e7a kilolu olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ge\u00e7 kalan bir yolcu, perondan uzakla\u015fan bir trene binmek i\u00e7in ko\u015ftu. H\u0131zla giden trene binmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, \u00dc\u00e7 Yardak\u00e7\u0131<\/em> Filmde, bir demiryolu g\u00f6revlisi adam\u0131 arkadan arabaya itmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, bir ba\u015fkas\u0131 onu \u00f6nden i\u00e7eri \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

B\u00fct\u00fcn bu amans\u0131z hareket s\u0131ras\u0131nda, adam gazetesini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrd\u00fc ve gazetenin i\u00e7ine s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f patlay\u0131c\u0131lar vard\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu ki\u015fiye g\u00f6re, bu beyefendi, o \u00fclkenin 4 Temmuz'una e\u015fde\u011fer olan Kurtulu\u015f G\u00fcn\u00fc'n\u00fc kutlamak i\u00e7in k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, beyaz ve ye\u015fil havai fi\u015fekler atmay\u0131 planlayan \u0130talyan bir g\u00f6\u00e7mendi; di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re \u0130talyan adam, akl\u0131nda daha u\u011fursuz bir \u015fey olan bir anar\u015fist ve ter\u00f6ristti. \u0130\u00e7in ihmal yasas\u0131<\/a> ama\u00e7lar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan, niyeti ilgin\u00e7 ama b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde alakas\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Ne olursa olsun, paket yere \u00e7arpt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda havai fi\u015fekler (veya her neyseler) patlad\u0131. Bu patlama, Bayan Palsgraf'\u0131n \u00fczerine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir pul \u00e7ifti deviren ve "dava a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralanmalara neden olan" bir sonik dalgay\u0131 tetikledi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011funluk Kural\u0131: \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik<\/h3>\n

Dikkatsiz demiryolu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n bak\u0131m standartlar\u0131n\u0131 ihlal etti\u011fine dair yarg\u0131\u00e7lar\u0131n hi\u00e7birinde \u015f\u00fcphe yoktu. Bir ihmal davas\u0131nda d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc unsur olan hukuki nedensellik ise farkl\u0131 bir konuydu.<\/p>\n

Daha sonra Amerika Birle\u015fik Devletleri Y\u00fcksek Mahkemesine y\u00fckseltilen Yarg\u0131\u00e7 Benjamin Cardozo, neredeyse an\u0131nda "havada ihmal" kan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n tazminat talebini desteklemek i\u00e7in yetersiz oldu\u011funu kaydetti. Bu nedenle, Bayan Palsgraf'\u0131n demiryolu \u015firketine kar\u015f\u0131 tazminat talebinde bulunmak i\u00e7in fiziksel olarak dikkatsiz hareketten \u00e7ok uzak oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Getirmek Palsgraf <\/em>modern terimlerle ifade edersek, baca\u011f\u0131 ciddi \u015fekilde yaralanm\u0131\u015f bir araba kazas\u0131 kurban\u0131n\u0131n yerel bir hastaneye gitti\u011fini ve cerrah\u0131n yanl\u0131\u015f uzuvunu kesti\u011fini varsayal\u0131m. Tortfeasor (ihmalkar s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc) ilk yaralanmalardan a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a sorumlu iken, tortfeasor sonraki yaralanmalardan sorumlu de\u011fildir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00f6nceden g\u00f6rememi\u015ftir. cerrah\u0131n ihmali<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Az\u0131nl\u0131k Kural\u0131: Tehlike B\u00f6lgesi<\/h3>\n

\u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik kural\u0131, Yarg\u0131\u00e7 William Andrews'in muhalefet \u015ferhi nedeniyle baz\u0131 durumlarda geni\u015fletildi. Yarg\u0131\u00e7 Cardozo'nun \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik kural\u0131n\u0131n \u201c\u00e7ok dar<\/a>"," ve daha geni\u015f bir tehlike b\u00f6lgesi testinin uygulanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn, az\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131, araba kazas\u0131 vakalar\u0131nda g\u00f6rg\u00fc tan\u0131\u011f\u0131 yaralanmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir; \u00f6rne\u011fin, bir \u00e7ocuk bir araba kazas\u0131nda fiziksel olarak yaralan\u0131rsa ve \u00e7ocu\u011fun yaralanmam\u0131\u015f ebeveynleri de arabadaysa, yeti\u015fkinler duygusal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 tazminat\u0131 talebinde bulunabilirler. Az\u0131nl\u0131k kural\u0131 bazen, alkoll\u00fc ara\u00e7 kullanma kazalar\u0131 gibi yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 faaliyet i\u00e7eren durumlarda da ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Benjamin Franklin, \u201cistemek i\u00e7in\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7175,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[775],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-personal-injury"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7174","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7174"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7174\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7175"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7174"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7174"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7174"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}