{"id":7132,"date":"2017-07-11T15:25:52","date_gmt":"2017-07-11T19:25:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/understanding-car-crashes-new-york\/"},"modified":"2017-07-11T15:25:52","modified_gmt":"2017-07-11T19:25:52","slug":"anlayis-araba-kazalari-new-york","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/anlayis-araba-kazalari-new-york\/","title":{"rendered":"New York&#039;ta Araba Kazalar\u0131n\u0131 Anlamak"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>New York&#039;ta meydana gelen bir araba kazas\u0131n\u0131n yasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 incelemeden \u00f6nce, ilk ad\u0131m bu olaylar\u0131 uygun \u015fekilde etiketlemektir.<\/p>\n<p>i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir hareket var. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2016\/05\/23\/science\/its-no-accident-advocates-want-to-speak-of-car-crashes-instead.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">arabay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftir <em>kaza<\/em> arabayla <em>kaza<\/em><\/a>. Ne de olsa baz\u0131lar\u0131, trenlerin raydan \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, u\u00e7aklar\u0131n d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve gemilerin batt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor. Ayr\u0131ca, bu ki\u015filer, \u201ckazan\u0131n\u201d, kimsenin ne yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na veya yapmad\u0131\u011f\u0131na bak\u0131lmaks\u0131z\u0131n meydana gelen kontrol edilemeyen bir olay\u0131 ifade etti\u011fini ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, araba kazalar\u0131n\u0131n sadece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir y\u00fczdesinde durum oldu\u011funu iddia etmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>1997&#039;de Massachusetts Karayolu G\u00fcvenli\u011fi Departman\u0131, &quot;kaza&quot;y\u0131 &quot;kaza&quot; ile de\u011fi\u015ftiren ilk h\u00fck\u00fcmet birimlerinden biriydi. New York, 2014&#039;te ayn\u0131 \u015feyi yapt\u0131. Toplamda, iki d\u00fczineden fazla ula\u015f\u0131m departman\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131. Ancak pek \u00e7ok ki\u015fi &quot;kazan\u0131n&quot; araba kazalar\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funa neden olan kas\u0131ts\u0131z ihmal ile uygun \u015fekilde e\u015fanlaml\u0131 oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in herkes bu inanc\u0131 payla\u015fm\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<p>&quot;Kaza&quot; bu ba\u011flamda dile ilk kez y\u00fcz y\u0131ldan biraz daha uzun bir s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, fabrika sahipleri su\u00e7u i\u015f\u00e7ilere y\u00fcklemek ve tesislerindeki tehlikeli ko\u015fullardan uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in i\u015fyeri yaralanmalar\u0131na &quot;end\u00fcstriyel kazalar&quot; ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011finde girdi.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2>Araba Kazas\u0131 Nedenleri<\/h2>\n<p>Operat\u00f6r hatas\u0131 nedenleri <a href=\"http:\/\/www.monash.edu\/__data\/assets\/pdf_file\/0010\/216946\/muarc256.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">y\u00fczde 95<\/a> araba kazalar\u0131; di\u011fer y\u00fczde 5&#039;in \u00e7o\u011fu, genellikle ba\u015fka t\u00fcrden bir ihmalden kaynaklanan kusurlu \u00fcr\u00fcnlerden kaynaklanmaktad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 \u00f6zel nedenler \u015funlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>de\u011fer d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>: \u0130kisi birden <a href=\"\/tr\/article\/alkollu-ihmal\/\">alkol<\/a> ve baz\u0131 ila\u00e7lar (yasad\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u201csokak ila\u00e7lar\u0131\u201d veya re\u00e7eteli a\u011fr\u0131 kesiciler olsunlar) reaksiyon s\u00fcresini geciktirir, konsantrasyonu engeller ve muhakeme yetene\u011fini bozar. Bu becerilerin t\u00fcm\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>H\u0131z<\/strong>: G\u00fcvenli olmayan h\u0131z, fren mesafesini art\u0131r\u0131r, bu nedenle h\u0131z yapan s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin acil durumlara tepki vermek i\u00e7in daha az zaman\u0131 olur. H\u0131z ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalardaki kuvveti de art\u0131r\u0131r, bu nedenle ciddi olmayan &quot;\u00e7amurluk b\u00fck\u00fcc\u00fcler&quot; ciddi veya y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalara d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dikkati ba\u015fka y\u00f6ne \u00e7ekme<\/strong>: E\u015fit <a href=\"\/tr\/article\/formlar-dikkati-dagilmis-surus\/\">eller serbest cep telefonlar\u0131 dikkat da\u011f\u0131t\u0131yor<\/a>, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kullan\u0131c\u0131lar g\u00f6zlerini yoldan (g\u00f6rsel dikkat da\u011f\u0131tma) ve ak\u0131llar\u0131n\u0131 yoldan (bili\u015fsel dikkat da\u011f\u0131tma) ay\u0131r\u0131rlar. Manuel dikkat da\u011f\u0131tma (elini direksiyondan \u00e7ekme), dikkat da\u011f\u0131tan \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f kategorisidir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u00fckenmi\u015flik<\/strong>: On sekiz saat uyumadan araba kullanmak, <a href=\"http:\/\/drowsydriving.org\/about\/detection-and-prevention\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">.08 BAK<\/a>. Vardiyal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar uykulu ara\u00e7 kullanma konusunda \u00f6zellikle risk alt\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Di\u011fer operat\u00f6r ihmali \u00e7evreseldir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler olumsuz ko\u015fullara uygun \u015fekilde uyum sa\u011flamaz. Bir\u00e7ok karayolunda g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in bir h\u0131z limitinin ve gece s\u00fcr\u00fc\u015f\u00fc i\u00e7in daha yava\u015f bir h\u0131z s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni budur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Birinci \u015eah\u0131s Sorumlulu\u011fu<\/h3>\n<p>Araba kazas\u0131 ma\u011fdurlar\u0131n\u0131n tazminat alman\u0131n iki yolu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u0130\u00e7inde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/negligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ihmal<\/a> durumda, ma\u011fdur\/davac\u0131lar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki unsurlar\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>G\u00f6rev<\/strong>: \u00c7o\u011fu s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bir zamanlar bir\u00e7ok Amerikal\u0131 okul \u00e7ocu\u011funun \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fi Alt\u0131n Kurala dayanan yasal bir sorumluluk olan makul \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterme g\u00f6revi vard\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c7i\u011fneme<\/strong>: E\u011fer haks\u0131z fiilcinin (ihmalk\u00e2r s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn) davran\u0131\u015f\u0131, <a href=\"\/tr\/article\/fark-makul-bakim-standart\/\">standart bak\u0131m<\/a>, haks\u0131z fiil g\u00f6revini ihlal etti. \u00d6rne\u011fin, pek \u00e7ok j\u00fcri \u00fcyesi, bir kazadan birka\u00e7 dakika \u00f6nce camdan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 yuvarlanan bir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcy\u00fc, bu t\u00fcr bir faaliyet teknik olarak ara\u00e7 kullan\u0131rken dikkati da\u011f\u0131tabilecek olsa da, mazur g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Neden<\/strong>: \u0130hlal ile zarar aras\u0131nda do\u011frudan bir ba\u011flant\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r; bu, baz\u0131 avukatlar\u0131n &quot;ger\u00e7ek neden&quot; veya &quot;ama-nedensellik&quot; olarak adland\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir unsurdur.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik<\/strong>: Yoldan \u00e7\u0131kan bir s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fcn bir yayaya \u00e7arpmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilir, ancak bir cerrah\u0131n ameliyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015f baca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesmesi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclemez.<\/li>\n<li><strong>hasarlar<\/strong>: Duygusal s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131 ve di\u011fer ekonomik olmayan zararlar i\u00e7in genellikle tazminat mevcut olsa da, davac\u0131n\u0131n ki\u015fi veya mal \u00fczerinde baz\u0131 fiziksel yaralanmalar\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Davac\u0131lar, her unsuru kan\u0131tlar\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcyle kan\u0131tlamal\u0131d\u0131r (olmamas\u0131ndan daha muhtemeldir).<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer haks\u0131z fiil DUI gibi bir g\u00fcvenlik yasas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnediyse, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/negligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ihmal <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/negligence\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>kendi ba\u015f\u0131na<\/em><\/a> k\u0131sayol muhtemelen ge\u00e7erli olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumlarda, davac\u0131n\u0131n tek yapmas\u0131 gereken, haks\u0131z fiilde bulunan\u0131n cezai olmayan bir yasa veya belediye y\u00f6netmeli\u011fi dahil olmak \u00fczere herhangi bir g\u00fcvenlik yasas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7i\u011fnedi\u011fini ve ihlalin yaralanmaya yak\u0131n bir \u015fekilde neden oldu\u011funu (\u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclebilirlik) kan\u0131tlamas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Baz\u0131 Sigorta \u015eirketi Savunmalar\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>\u00c7ok ara\u00e7l\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalarda, sigorta \u015firketi avukatlar\u0131 genellikle <a href=\"http:\/\/dictionary.law.com\/Default.aspx?selected=341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00fc\u015fterek ihmal<\/a> savunma. Bu yasal doktrin, su\u00e7u ma\u011fdura kayd\u0131r\u0131r ve her iki ki\u015fi de hatal\u0131ysa ge\u00e7erlidir, <em>\u00d6rne\u011fin<\/em> haks\u0131z fiil sarho\u015ftu ve kurban h\u0131z yap\u0131yordu. New York tamamen kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmal\u0131 bir kusur durumu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, yarg\u0131\u00e7 zararlar\u0131 yaln\u0131zca sorumluluk y\u00fczdesine g\u00f6re payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r, bu nedenle teorik olarak bir kazazede kazadan y\u00fczde 99 sorumlu olabilir ve yine de tazminat alabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yaya veya bisikletli yaralanma vakalar\u0131nda, avukatlar genellikle <a href=\"http:\/\/www.duhaime.org\/LegalDictionary\/S\/SuddenEmergencyDoctrine.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ani acil durum<\/a> savunma. Bu doktrin, haks\u0131z fiil uygulayan ki\u015fi:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Kaputun u\u00e7mas\u0131 gibi tamamen beklenmedik bir durumla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya kald\u0131n\u0131z ve<\/li>\n<li>Ani acil durumdan sonra makul bir \u015fekilde tepki g\u00f6sterdi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>I\u015f\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 bir yaya ge\u00e7idi genellikle &quot;ani bir acil durum&quot; de\u011fildir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc yayalar g\u00fcn\u00fcn hemen hemen her saatinde k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 \u0131\u015f\u0131kta ge\u00e7er, bu nedenle s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcler bu t\u00fcr durumlar\u0131 beklemelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Nitelikli bir uzmanla yaralanma talebinizi hemen ba\u015flat\u0131n. <a href=\"\/tr\/uygulama-alanlari-2\/kisisel-yaralanma\/\">New York ki\u015fisel yaralanma<\/a> avukat.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>New York&#039;ta meydana gelen bir araba kazas\u0131n\u0131n yasal sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 incelemeden \u00f6nce, ilk ad\u0131m bu olaylar\u0131 uygun \u015fekilde etiketlemektir. Araba de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fcyen bir hareket var\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7133,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[775],"tags":[824],"class_list":["post-7132","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-personal-injury","tag-auto-accidents"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7132"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7132\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7133"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7132"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7132"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7132"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}