{"id":6716,"date":"2016-08-09T14:49:12","date_gmt":"2016-08-09T18:49:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/localhost:10028\/uncategorized\/american-tax-payers-first-hook-commercial-space-crash\/"},"modified":"2016-08-09T14:49:12","modified_gmt":"2016-08-09T18:49:12","slug":"amerikan-vergi-mukellefleri-ilk-kanca-ticari-uzay-kazasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/article\/amerikan-vergi-mukellefleri-ilk-kanca-ticari-uzay-kazasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Uzay Kazas\u0131 \u0130\u00e7in \u0130lk \u00d6nce Vergi M\u00fckellefleri"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Ba\u015fka bir Challenger Felaketi bir daha asla ya\u015fanmamal\u0131. Ancak 28 Haziran 2015 Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc bir\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.nbcnews.com\/science\/space\/cause-spacex-falcon-9-rocket-explosion-traced-failed-strut-n395346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SpaceX Falcon-9 roketi patlad\u0131<\/a>\u00a0Uluslararas\u0131 Uzay \u0130stasyonuna bir ikmal g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda Florida&#039;daki Cape Canaveral Hava Kuvvetleri \u0130stasyonundan f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra. Patlaman\u0131n enkaz\u0131 zarars\u0131z bir \u015fekilde Atlantik Okyanusu&#039;na d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Ama ya olmasayd\u0131? Enkaz insanlar\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir b\u00f6lgeye d\u00fc\u015ferek insanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcr veya ciddi \u015fekilde yaralar ve \u00f6zel m\u00fclke zarar verirse ne olur? Ayr\u0131ca, ya yolcular gemideyse? E\u011fer bu bir hava kazas\u0131 olsayd\u0131, yaralanan taraflar yasal yollara ba\u015fvurabilirdi. Ancak, yak\u0131n zamanda imzalanan Spurring \u00d6zel Havac\u0131l\u0131k ve Uzay Rekabet\u00e7ili\u011fi ve 2015 Giri\u015fimcilik Yasas\u0131 (\u201c2015 SPACE Yasas\u0131\u201d) yak\u0131n zamanda yasala\u015ft\u0131. Pub.L. 114\u201390.<\/p>\n<h3>2015 UZAY Yasas\u0131<\/h3>\n<p>H\u00fck\u00fcmetimiz tarihten ders alm\u0131yor. Ticari uzay yolculu\u011fu \u00e7a\u011f\u0131na girerken, daha fazla - daha az de\u011fil - d\u00fczenleme ve yasa gerekiyor. \u00d6zel piyasa g\u00fc\u00e7leri, ticari uzay yolculu\u011funu g\u00fcvenli hale getirmeyecek. Ticari uzay yolculu\u011fuyla ili\u015fkili b\u00fcy\u00fck riskleri yaln\u0131zca h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u00f6zetimi ve yasa, d\u00fczenleme azaltabilir. Ne yaz\u0131k ki, 2015 tarihli SPACE Yasas\u0131, ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti destekli (vergi m\u00fckellefi) tazminat\u0131 2025&#039;e kadar uzat\u0131yor. Ve SPACE Yasas\u0131, Anayasa Yap\u0131mc\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca antla\u015fmalar i\u00e7in olu\u015fturmaya uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, m\u00fcnhas\u0131r FEDERAL yarg\u0131 yetkisi ve hukuku tesis ediyor; B\u00fcy\u00fckel\u00e7iler ve di\u011fer federal g\u00f6revliler; amirallik ve denizcilik (daha sonra e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak Devlet mahkemelerine verildi); ve genellikle iki veya daha fazla Devlet aras\u0131ndaki eylemler. ABD \u0130n\u015f. sanat. III, \u00a7 2, cl. 1.<\/p>\n<p><em>Sorumlulu\u011fun S\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (Lansman Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc Tazminat\u0131)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0130lk olarak 1984&#039;te y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren f\u0131rlatma y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc tazminat\u0131, kas\u0131tl\u0131 davran\u0131\u015f\/a\u011f\u0131r ihmal i\u00e7ermeyen t\u00fcm iddialar i\u00e7in ticari bir uzay u\u00e7u\u015fu \u015firketinin ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla sigortac\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraflara ve h\u00fck\u00fcmete kar\u015f\u0131 yasal maruziyetini \u201cmaksimum olas\u0131 zarar\u201d ile s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131r. Muhtemel azami kay\u0131pla ilgili herhangi bir talep, ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmeti (yani vergi m\u00fckellefleri) taraf\u0131ndan, en fazla yakla\u015f\u0131k <strong>$3 milyar<\/strong>. Bu Kanun, maksimum olas\u0131 zarar rakam\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcr ve bu sorumluluk s\u0131n\u0131rlamas\u0131n\u0131 2025&#039;e kadar uzat\u0131r. Etki - vergi m\u00fckelleflerinin bir afet durumunda daha fazla tazminat \u00f6deme riskine maruz kalmas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bir referans noktas\u0131 olarak, son SpaceX roket f\u0131rlatmas\u0131 i\u00e7in maksimum olas\u0131 kay\u0131p yakla\u015f\u0131k $170 milyon dolard\u0131r (\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf iddialar\u0131 i\u00e7in $57 milyon ve ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmet m\u00fclk\u00fc i\u00e7in $113 milyon). Bu ne anlama gelir? Buna g\u00f6re <a href=\"https:\/\/www.justice.org\/news\/space-act-eliminates-accountability-private-space-travel-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Linda Lipsen<\/a>, &quot;[i]\u00f6zel uzay yolculu\u011fu \u015firketleri herhangi bir t\u00fcr kazaya veya felakete neden olursa, bu [yasa] kusurlular\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve trajedinin faturas\u0131n\u0131 kurbanlara ve vergi m\u00fckelleflerine b\u0131rak\u0131r.&quot; En az\u0131ndan, vergi m\u00fckellefleri $57 milyon &quot;maksimum olas\u0131 kay\u0131p&quot; rakam\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fan herhangi bir mebla\u011f i\u00e7in kancaya tak\u0131lacakt\u0131r. Mevcut ulusal borcu $20 trilyona yakla\u015fan bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet neden risk maruziyetini art\u0131rmay\u0131 veya vergi m\u00fckelleflerinin kurumsal ve sigortac\u0131 riskini \u00fcstlenmesine izin vermeyi se\u00e7sin?<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>M\u00fcnhas\u0131r Federal Yarg\u0131 Yetkisi ve Hukuk<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cLisans kapsam\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen bir faaliyetten kaynaklanan \u00f6l\u00fcm, bedensel yaralanma veya mal hasar\u0131 veya kayb\u0131yla ilgili olarak \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc \u015fah\u0131s veya uzay u\u00e7u\u015fu kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lacak herhangi bir iddia, m\u00fcnhas\u0131ran Federal mahkemelerin yarg\u0131 yetkisi olacakt\u0131r.\u201d 2015 SPACE Yasas\u0131.<\/p>\n<p>Bu yarg\u0131 yetkisi yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131, Amerikan i\u00e7tihatlar\u0131yla ters d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor. Uzay son s\u0131n\u0131r olabilir, ancak ABD&#039;nin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ilk s\u0131n\u0131r de\u011fil. Anayasay\u0131 Haz\u0131rlayanlar i\u00e7in deniz yolculu\u011fu ve yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131lda ticari hava yolculu\u011fu, uzay yetki alan\u0131 ve hukukunun nas\u0131l olmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dair bir rehber sunuyor. Denizde, Yap\u0131c\u0131lar federal denizcilik yasas\u0131n\u0131n uygulanaca\u011f\u0131na karar verdiler; yine de, uygulamada Eyalet ve Federal mahkemeler, denizle ilgili alacaklar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu i\u00e7in \u201ctalep \u015fart\u0131ndan tasarruf etme\u201d yoluyla e\u015fzamanl\u0131 yarg\u0131 yetkisini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir. Havada, ne Federal Havac\u0131l\u0131k Yasas\u0131 ne de Havayolu Dereg\u00fclasyon Yasas\u0131, a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a \u201cfederal havac\u0131l\u0131k yasas\u0131\u201d veya m\u00fcnhas\u0131r federal yarg\u0131 yetkisi olu\u015fturmaz. Bir Kaliforniya (uzay u\u00e7u\u015fu veya uzay f\u0131rlatma) \u015firketi taraf\u0131ndan yaralanan bir Kaliforniya sakininin Kaliforniya mahkemesinde adalet aramas\u0131na neden izin verilmemeli?<\/p>\n<p>Ticari uzay yolculu\u011fu yak\u0131nd\u0131r. \u0130lk ticari uzay u\u00e7u\u015flar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla 2025&#039;ten \u00f6nce ger\u00e7ekle\u015fecek. ABD h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin yasa, y\u00f6netmelik ve g\u00f6zetimle ilgili bir rota d\u00fczeltmesi yapmak i\u00e7in h\u00e2l\u00e2 zaman\u0131 var. Halk b\u00f6yle bir eylemi hak ediyor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ba\u015fka bir Challenger Felaketi bir daha asla ya\u015fanmamal\u0131. Yine de, 28 Haziran 2015 Pazar g\u00fcn\u00fc, Florida&#039;daki Cape Canaveral Hava Kuvvetleri \u0130stasyonu&#039;ndan bir ikmal g\u00f6revi s\u0131ras\u0131nda f\u0131rlat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra bir SpaceX Falcon-9 roketi patlad\u0131\u2026<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6717,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[771],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aviation-accidents"],"acf":[],"page_builder_type":"gutenberg","gutenberg_data":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6716"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6716\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/napolilaw.lemonadestand.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}